INTERCHURCH  WORLD  MOVEMENT  OF  NORTH  AMERICA 

WORLD  SURVEY 
CONFERENCE 

t 

ATLANTIC  CITY 
JANUARY  7  to  10,  1920 

I 

PRELIMINARY 

Statement  and  Budget  for 

Africa 


PREPARED  BY 

SURVEY  DEPARTMENT- FOREIGN  DIVISION 


This  Survey  statement 
should  be  read  in  the  light 
of  the  fact  that  it  is  preliminary 
only,  and  will  be  revised  and 
enlarged  as  a  result  of  the  dis¬ 
cussions  and  recommendations 
of  the  World  Survey  Conference. 

The  entire  Survey  as  revised 
will  early  be  brought  together  in 
two  volumes,  American  and 
Foreign,  to  form  the  basis  of  the 
financial  campaign  to  follow. 

t 

The  “Statistical  Mirror”  will 
make  a  third  volume  dealing  with 
general  church,  missionary  and 
stewardship  data. 


INTERCHURCH  WORLD  MOVEMENT  OF  NORTH  AMERICA 


WORLD  SURVEY 
CONFERENCE 


ATLANTIC  CITY 
JANUARY  7  to  10,  1920 

PRELIMINARY 

Statement  and  Budget  for 

Africa 


PREPARED  BY 

SURVEY  DEPARTMENT- FOREIGN  DIVISION 


V  •  -  .  •  * 


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AFRICA 


SOMEBODY,  not  without  reason,  has  called  Africa  ‘‘the  dark,  sobbing  con¬ 
tinent/’  Over  its  nearly  ten  million  square  miles,  in  which  the  areas  of 
Europe,  India,  China  and  Mexico  could  easily  be  engulfed,  somewhere 
between  130  and  150  millions  of  people  are  scattered. 

It  is  a  topsy-turvy  mental  world  in  which  the  native  African  lives.  He  explains 
natural  phenomena  in  terms  of  the  miraculous.  His  mental  processes  are  simple 
but  irrational. 


Islam  and  Materialism  Threaten  Africa 

The  great  war  brought  over  a  million  Africans  into  touch  with  the  Western 
world.  Each  one  who  returns  is  a  messenger  either  of  weal  or  of  woe  to 
his  people. 

Africa  is  awakening  to  the  realization  of  its  commercial  value.  Western 
nations  are  linking  its  peoples  and  vast  resources  with  their  civilizations. 
The  Orient  is  likewise  at  work.  Islam  is  especially  active  and  offers  a 
debasing  religion,  with  a  measure  of  civilizing  power,  to  credulous  peoples. 
Christianity — the  only  religion  which  really  civilizes — is  doing  far  too  little 
to  fulfil  its  mission.  If  it  delays  much  longer,  Islam  and  materialism  will 
divide  Africa  between  them. 

Africa  needs  the  gospel  of  Jesus  Christ  to  avert  this  catastrophe.  This  alone 
can  transform  the  African’s  moral  nature;  set  his  feet  upon  the  impregnable 
rock  of  truth;  and  order  his  goings  along  the  path  of  spiritual  achievement. 


In  the  mental  labyrinth  in  which  the  African  still  lives,  we  shall  probably  find 
the  clue  to  the  African  himself  and  come  to  know  him,  mind  and  heart,  a  little  better. 
Benighted  as  it  is,  Africa  is  not  the  “Darkest  Africa”  of  the  days  of  Moffatt,  Living¬ 
stone  or  even  Stanley.  Many  thousand  miles  of  railroad  have  been  thrust  into  its 
interior  from  every  shore,  and  thousands  more  are  being  woven  together  into  a  net¬ 
work  of  communication  which,  spreading  over  the  entire  continent,  will  unite  the 
vast  area  bringing  its  people  into  a  homogeneity  undreamed  of  a  half  century  ago. 

The  industrial,  commercial,  political  and  social  life  injected  by  foreigners  into  Africa 
constitute  great  potential  forces  with  which  the  African,  as  servant  and  laborer,  is 
brought  into  intimate  contact.  He  is  learning  and  learning  rapidly,  and  it  is  of  para¬ 
mount  importance  that  he  be  given  teachers  of  high  ideals  and  Christian  principles. 


4 


The  Coveted:  AFRICA 


(Comparison  map) 


This  map  is  one  of  a  series  all  drawn  to  the  same  scale  for  purposes  of  comparison  as  to  area  and 
population.  The  map  of  Pennsylvania  serves  as  a  unit  of  comparison  and  appears  same  size  on  each 
map  of  the  series. 


AFRICA  5 

Africa  has  been  stirred  industrially,  politically,  socially  and  to  some  extent  religiously 
by  the  world  war.  A  million  sons  of  Africa  served  as  soldiers,  laborers,  and  carriers 
in  the  great  conflict,  and  this  cannot  fail  to  effect  some  transformation  in  the  lives  of 
the  millions  untouched  by  the  war. 

As  a  result  the  Dark  Continent  is  being  permeated  with  knowledge  as  to  the  rest 
of  the  world.  A  new  consciousness  of  values,  of  social  relations,  of  desires  and  possi¬ 
bilities  has  been  awakened  in  the  native  breast.  In  many  ways  Islam  has  seized 
upon  this  fact  and  improved  the  opportunities  offered  by  the  war  for  an  active 
propaganda.  Meanwhile  Christianity  has  done  little  or  nothing. 

A  new  and  aggressive  missionary  program  is  absolutely  necessary  if  the  forces  of 
Christianity  are  not  to  be  driven  from  the  field. 

The  degradation  of  the  African  is  an  incontrovertible  fact.  And  it  has  been  every¬ 
where  proved  that  mere  material  progress  holds  no  power  of  moral  regeneration  for 
him. 

Sociologists  of  a  certain  type,  who  ignore  spiritual  values,  demand  for  him  chiefly  a 
gospel  for  his  material  well-being.  The  Christian  church  offers  him  the  gospel  of 
Jesus  Christ,  and  points  to  its  actual  results  in  Africa  as  evidence  that  the  missionary 
is  the  chief  agent  of  Africa’s  civilization.  It  affirms  that  civilization  is  but  the  secular 
side  of  Christianity.  The  gospel  and  nothing  else  vitalizes  the  African’s  moral 
nature  and,  therefore,  alone  contains  the  power  to  lift  him  to  a  higher  plane  of  progress 
and  to  the  realization  of  the  fact  that  he  is  a  child  of  God. 


AREA  -  SQUARE  MILES 

11.500,000  _ _ 

AFRICA  I  . -  -  - . . J 

■  2.975,890 

UNITED  STATES  I  I 


AFRICA 


TOTAL  POPULATION  AND 
PROTESTANT  CHURCH  MEMBERSHIP 


150,165,000 


906.794 


105,255,000 

UNITED  STATIxS^ 


POPULATION  PER  PROTESTANT  MlNISTERfOR  ORDAINED  MISSIONARY) 

73  78*^  ^ 

AFRICA 
UNITED  STATES 

/ntercburch  WoM Ato^'ement  of  North  A/ner/ca 


AFRICA 


6 


M0HAMMI:DAN  FOPCLATiOX 

AFRICA 


EACH  DOT  10  -  lOO.OOO  MOSLEMS 


STATUre  MttfS 


inteicfiufch  Wurld  ^^ovemenf  Of  North  ^merfc'S. 


“House  of  Islam”  in  North  Africa  has  been  hit  though*  not  shattered. 
■■■  Paganism  in  central  Africa  is  giving  way  to  new  doubts  and  superstitions. 
Materialism  and  agnosticism  threaten  industrial  south  Africa. 

Christ,  Mohammed,  and  the  god  of  this  world  are  contending  for  the  “coveted 
continent.” 


AFRICA:  Islam  in  the  North 


7 


North  Africa 

Closest  to  Europe,  North  Africa  is  most  hospitable  to  Western  ideas  of 
economic  and  social  life.  It  will  be  either  fanatically  materialistic  or  open 
to  moral  and  spiritual  forces,  according  as  the  Christian  church  fails  or 
succeeds  in  meeting  the  challenge  of  Islam  and  of  conscienceless  business 
exploitation. 

North  Africa  includes  Egypt,  Tripoli,  Tunis,  Algeria,  Morocco,  Rio de 
Oro,  Mauritania,  Senegal,  Gambia,  Portuguese  Guinea,  French  Guinea, 
Sierra  Leone,  Liberia,  Ivory  Coast,  Gold  Coast,  Togo,  Dahomey,  Nigeria, 
Upper  Senegal  and  Niger,  Ubanghi-Shari-Chad  Territories,  Anglo-Egyptian  Sudan, 
Abyssinia,  Italian  Somaliland,  British  Somaliland,  French  Somaliland  and  Eritrea. 

The  area  of  these  regions  is  6,770,811  square  miles.  The  estimated  population  is 
77,333,491.  Of  this  great  host,  39,818,761  are  Mohammedans,  27,721,568  are  pagans, 
5,106,332  are  Copts,  900,534  are  Roman  Catholics,  390,235  are  Jews. 

The  evangelical  missionary  in  North  Africa  is  fighting  the  results  of  thirteen  centu¬ 
ries  of  Mohammedan  occupation  with  only  half  a  century  of  evangelical  activities 
behind  him.  The  Mediterranean  countries,  where  Islam  is  most  deeply  rooted, 
present  a  most  formidable  obstacle  of  bitter,  fanatical,  antagonistic  hatred. 

North  Africa  has  been  profoundly  influenced  by  the  war.  She  is  now  looking  for 
Western  leadership;  the  way  of  approach  is  open.  During  the  first  two  years  of  the 
World  War,  no  less  than  170,000  natives  from  French  North  Africa  fought  on  French 
soil,  while  the  British  Government  had  more  native  African  soldiers  at  its  disposal 
than  it  could  expediently  use.  Their  willingness  to  aid  the  Allies  was  the  outward 
expression  of  their  appreciation  of  fair  treatment  meted  out  to  them  at  the  hands  of 
these  two  governments.  In  recognition  thereof,  the  French  ^Government  is  granting 
very  liberal  concessions  to  natives  who  participated  in  the  war.  Citizenship  is  not 
only  offered  to  the  soldiers  but  also  to  the  fathers  of  these  men. 

Ex-soldiers  are  being  exempted  from  personal  taxes,  while  government  positions  are 
being  reserved  for  the  soldiers.  Before  the  war.  North  Africa  was  being  Europeanized ; 
but  the  war  actually  joined  Africa  to  Europe. 

The  peoples  of  North  Africa  recognize  at  least  that  there  are  other  factors  in  life 
beside  those  which  are  Mohammedan  in  character.  There  is  now  an  opportunity 
for  the  evangelical  churches  to  bring  their  influence  to  bear  on  life  in  North  Africa, 
yet,  up  to  date,  they  have  failed  to  avail  themselves  of  the  opportunity  thus  afforded. 


ALGlkfiS 


■TJvngiers 


TUNIS 

TRIPOLI 


PORT  SUDAN 


DAKAR 


FREETOWN 


'MQNRbi^ 


,lag<5s 


OUALA 


GABUI4.I 


:■  LOANG' 


MOMBASA' 


QAR-ES-SALAAM 


BENGUELA 


JMOlZAMBlQUE 


.BEIRA 


EORENCO  MARQUES 

. 

TO  MAURrilUS 


DURBAN 


CAPE  TOWN 


THE  COVETED  CONTINENT 


THE  “DARK  CONTINENT”  MUST 
BE  COVETED  ALSO  EOR  CHRIST 


STATUTE  MILES 


500 


1000 


ALEXA^RlA>i^pp|-r  said 


AFRICA:  Islam  in  the  North 


9 


FROM  FORMULA  TO 
FANATICISM 

During  the  past  twenty  years,  therefore, 
Mohammedans  have  gained  by  peaceful 
penetration  what  would  have  taken  many  times 
that  period  to  effect  at  the  point  of  the  sword. 
The  desert-tribes  in  particular  have  thus  em¬ 
braced  a  religion  which  appeared  to  be  better 
than  their  old  pagan  beliefs,  and  by  the  enun¬ 
ciation  of  a  formula  they  have  become  followers 
of  the  False  Prophet.  While  not  as  fanatical  as 
their  co-religionists  in  the  extreme  north,  they 
are  anti-Christian  rather  than  non-Christian. 
Tribes  in  the  French  Sudan  and  in  Abyssinia, 
which  fifty  years  ago  were  pagan,  are  now 
Moslem. 

THE  CRISIS  IS  HERE 

F  the  Christian  church  fails  to  win  the  first 
generation  of  these  tribes  newly  converted 
to  Islam,  its  opportunity  would  appear  to  be 
gone,  at  least  for  generations,  if  not  for  all  time. 
Streaming  in  through  French  Somaliland  and 
adjacent  countries  are  thousands  of  Mohamme¬ 
dan  traders  from  Arabia.  Abyssinia  alone 
through  all  the  centuries  has  been  able  to  with¬ 
stand  the  onrush  of  the  Islamic  forces.  This 
last  stronghold  of  Christianity  in  North  Africa 
now  would  seem  to  be  tottering  before  Islam. 
With  Abyssinia  in  the  hand  of  the  Mohamme¬ 
dans,  the  millions  of  pagans  in  Central  Africa 
are  menaced  by  Islam  from  another  strategic 
base. 

ISLAM  ADVANCES 

Thus  the  Mohammedan  problem  in  North 
Africa  presents  a  three-fold  aspect:  those 
countries  where  Islam  presents  a  fanatical, 
hateful  opposition;  the  great  stretches  of  the 
Sudan  where  Islam  has  recently  influenced  and 
won  many  tribes;  and  the  open  door  into 
Abyssinia  from  Arabia,  the  cradle  of  Islam, 
which  is  proving  a  vantage  point  in  the  Moham¬ 
medan  advance  into  pagan  Africa. 

IGNORANCE  ISLAM’S  ALLY 

HRISTIAN  education  can  best  provide 
the  leadership  which  will  regenerate  North 
Africa.  Ignorance  has  always  been  and  is 
Islam’s  strongest  ally.  Not  more  than  five 


persons  in  every  hundred  of  North  Africa’s 
population  can  read  or  write.  Even  in  the 
extreme  north,  where  Mohammedanism  has 
its  strongest  hold,  only  five  persons  in  every 
hundred  can  read  the  Koran,  and  the  religious 
leaders  regard  it  as  being  below  their  dignity 
even  to  consider  its  translation  into  the  vernac¬ 
ular.  In  Egypt,  where  perhaps  the  best  educa¬ 
tional  system  of  North  Africa  can  be  found, 
only  3  per  cent,  of  the  population  is  being 
educated.  And  these  are  being  educated  merely 
to  fill  government  positions.  The  masses  are 
entirely  uncared  for. 

THE  ANTIDOTE 

NSTITUTIONS  devoted  to  higher  learning, 
as  well  as  industrial  schools,  are  urgently 
called  for.  In  North  Africa  education  has 
never  appealed  to  the  men  who  are  regarded  as 
national  leaders,  mainly  because,  neither  in 
grade  of  work  nor  in  local  reputation,  has  there 
ever  been  an  educational  institution  which  com¬ 
manded  their  respect  or  secured  their  patronage. 

Through  industrial  schools,  Christian  missions 
can  make  an  invaluable  contribution  to  the 
economic  condition  of  the  natives. 

THE  MEASURE  OF 

CIVILIZATION 

HE  impact  of  western  civilization  which, 
in  the  extreme  north  is  changing  the 
status  of  woman,  has  a  very  direct  bearing  on 
education.  In  the  Moslem  system  her  place 
has  been  well  described  by  an  Oriental  writer, 
as  that  of  “a  frog  at  the  bottom  of  a  deep  well.” 
A  young  Egyptian  Bey,  who  recently  overheard 
an  old  Mohammedan  sheikh  say  that  girls 
should  not  stay  long  at  school,  immediately 
flashed  out:  “That  day  is  past.  Our  country 
can  never  be  great  until  our  women  are  properly 
taught.”  Here  again  is  one  of  the  Christian 
church’s  great  opportunities. 

THE  SILENT  MISSIONARY 

IRECTLY  related  to  the  educational 
opportunity  is  that  of  literature.  While 
the  percentage  of  literacy  is  deplorably  low,  the 
large  majority  of  those  who  have  been  con¬ 
verted  to  Christianity  testify  that  the  reading 


10 


Unoccupied  Territory :  AFRICA 


'///////. 
'////  '/• 


'A/'/- 


UNOCCUPIED  TERRITORY 


AFRICA 


STATUTE  MILES 
300 


EACH  DOT  (■).=  100,000  PEOPLE 


Areas  more  Than  fift; 
miles  from  a  missionary. 

Each  .uncolored  circle  is  drawn 
on  a  fifty-mile  radius  from  a  ' 
mission  station.;. 


PENNSYiVANL\ 

ON  SAMLSCALt 


Jnter^i^ck-  WoHd  Movemefif  of  North^-  Ameijcd' 


A  FRICA’S  130  millions  are  rapidly  coming  into  the  light  of  western  civilization. 
War  influences  and  post-war  influences  are  virtually  uniting  them  to  us.  One 
million  dark  skinned  African  warriors  served  under  European  command  either  on 
the  battlefields  of  France  or  Africa. 


AFRICA:  Islam  in  the  North 


11 


of  a  tract  or  book  was  the  first  thing  that 
revealed  true  religion  to  them.  “No  agency- 
can  penetrate  Islam  so  deeply,  abide  so  per¬ 
sistently,  witness  so  daringly,  influence  so 
irresistibly,  as  the  printed  page.” 

AFRICA  MENTALLY  STARVED 

HE  literature  problem  in  North  Africa 
is  also  intensified  by  the  fact  that  the 
existing  mission  and  government  schools  have 
for  the  last  quarter  of  a  century  been  creating  a 
desire  in  the  mind  of  the  younger  generation 
for  literature.  Will  the  Christian  church  se¬ 
riously  attempt  to  satisfy  this  hunger  for 
knowledge? 

FATALISM  AND  THE  DOCTOR 

HE  Mohammedan  religion  is  for  the  in¬ 
vader  but  not  for  the  invalid.  Having 
once  embraced  Islam,  whatever  happens  is 
God’s  will. 

So  why  care  for  the  sick  and  the  suffering! 

In  the  Nile  valley  95  per  cent,  of  the  people 
are  suffering  with  ophthalmia.  In  the  Ubanghi 
territory  epidemics  and  sleeping  sickness  are 
carrying  off  thousands  of  natives  annually. 
This  could  be  very  largely  prevented  by  the 
work  of  medical  missionaries.  “Universal 
opinion  will  no  longer  tolerate  delays  and 
negligence  in  the  work  of  moral  and  material 
elevation  of  the  more  primitive  races  which  is 
incumbent  upon  civilized  nations.” 

At  present,  the  evangelical  churches  report  only 
five  hospitals  and  twenty-seven  dispensaries  to 
meet  the  needs  of  these  eighty  millions  of  people. 

ISLAM  AN  EASY  RELIGION 

The  evil  and  the  good  spirits  function  here 
according  to  the  deeds  performed.  Super¬ 
stition  and  immorality  are  responsible  for  most 
of  the  suffering  in  North  Africa,  and  the  pagan, 
having  embraced  Islam,  is  not  asked  to  throw 
over  his  fetish  practices. 

COLD,  HARD  FACTS 

IGHT  hundred  and  fifteen  foreign  mis¬ 
sionaries,  which  number  includes  but  six 
medical  missionaries,  are  all  that  are  working 


among  these  eighty  million  people,  while  there 
are  vast  stretches  of  country  where  the  foot 
of  the  missionary  has  never  trod;  lands  which 
are  witnessing  the  battle  between  Christianity 
and  Islam.  Sixty  million  souls  in  these  great 
territories  have  never  yet  had  an  opportunity 
to  hear  the  gospel  of  Jesus  Christ.  In  nine 
countries  under  European  control  no  mission 
work  whatever  is  being  carried  on. 

In  four  countries  one  mission  station  in  each 
country  is  all  that  can  be  found.  There  is  one 
stretch  of  1,500  miles  between  two  Sudan  sta¬ 
tions,  while  eight  million  people  of  Abyssinia 
have  one  small  station,  Adis  Abeba. 

WANTED— LEADERS 

The  potentialities  of  some  of  the  peoples  of 
North  Africa  have  lately  been  signally 
demonstrated  in  the  World  War.  Under  efficient 
leadership  they  took  their  places  with  European 
troops  and  among  them  acts  of  heroism  and 
courage  on  the  battlefield  were  common. 

Latent  powers  of  mind  and  heart  have  been 
called  forth.  Cannot  these  be  transferred  to 
the  battle  now  being  waged  against  sin  and 
superstition? 

ADVANCE  ON  ALL  FRONTS! 

HE  program  of  advance  calls  for  an  ade¬ 
quate  expansion  of  the  present  work  on  a 
five  year  basis;  the  introduction  of  such  new 
types  of  work  as  the  local  conditions  demand 
and  as  will  prove  beneficial  to  the  cause  of 
Christian  missions.  In  the  strongholds  of 
Islam,  the  work  must  be  intensified  and  rein¬ 
forced. 

Among  the  desert  and  Sudanic  peoples  all  types 
of  work  are  yet  to  be  started,  and  these  begin¬ 
nings  must  not  be  delayed.  The  most  import¬ 
ant  populated  centres  on  lines  of  communica¬ 
tion  have  already  been  selected  for  initial  work 
during  the  first  five  years.  The  long  stretches 
between  northern  Nigeria  and  the  Anglo- 
Egyptian  Sudan  must  be  bridged.  Unques¬ 
tionably  this  is  one  of  the  most  important  of  the 
present  unoccupied  territories.  On  those  coun¬ 
tries  adjacent  to  the  southwest  corner  of  Arabia, 
special  emphasis  should  be  laid. 

The  program  calls  for  medical,  educational  and 


12 


Islam  in  the  North:  AFRICA 


evangelistic  work  of  a  far-reaching  character. 
The  Mohammedan  advance  must  be  checked  in 
order  to  prevent  its  encroachment  on  the 
pagans  in  Central  Africa. 

THE  REAL  NEED 

IF  North  Africa  is  to  be  peaceful  and  pros¬ 
perous  instead  of  seething  with  dissension 
and  strife,  the  urgent  need  is  for  a  changed 
manhood  and  a  new  moral  leadership,  rooted  in 
spiritual  realities.  North  Africa  needs  the  gos¬ 
pel  of  Jesus  Christ. 

Yet  it  cannot  have  Christian  standards  of 
civilization  while  Islam  prevails  and  the  prin¬ 
ciples  of  life  laid  down  by  the  Prophet  of  Mecca 
in  the  seventh  century  still  hold  the  peoples  in  a 
thraldom  as  out-of-date  as  it  is  complete. 

Islam  cannot  and  will  not  raise  the  status  of  her 
women  and  so  the  finest  springs  of  society  are 


lacking.  So  long  as  the  Mohammedan  religion 
holds  sway  in  North  Africa  its  corrupt  and 
degraded  social  life  will  survive. 

MATERIALISM  OR  CHRISTIANITY 

N  common  with  the  Orient,  North  Africa  is 
copying  the  West.  She  is  awake,  and  voic¬ 
ing  her  aspirations  most  audibly.  She  is  taking 
on  a  form  of  Western  civilization,  and  it  depends 
on  the  evangelical  churches  whether  this  form 
shall  be  Christian  or  materialistic  in  character. 
We  must  ever  remember  that  twentieth  cen¬ 
tury  civilization,  ignoring  the  principles  of 
Jesus  Christ,  gave  us  the  Europe  of  1914- 
1918. 

North  Africa  is  watching  and  following  closely. 
The  church  alone  can  lead  her  in  the  right 
way. 


AFRICA;  Central 


13 


Central  Africa 

Less  accessible  to  outside  influences.  Central  Africa  is  the  battle-ground 
which  Islam  has  selected  on  which  to  contend  with  Christianity  for  the 
final  control  of  this  great  continent.  Ignorance  is  Islam^s  greatest  ally. 
The  Christian  missionary  is  everywhere  known  as  the  disinterested  friend 
of  every  form  of  enlightened  progress.  The  church  must  capitalize  this 
asset  immediately  or  the  battle  will  be  half  lost  before  it  has  really  begun. 

The  paramount  issue  in  Central  Africa  is  Islam  or  Christ.  Another  crucial 
problem  is  whether  a  material  civilization  and  exploitation  of  Africa,  while 
the  church  lags  far  in  the  rear,  shall  be  realized,  or  a  Christian  development 
of  Africa  shall  take  place,  with  the  church  everywhere  adequately  cooperating  with 
government  and  commerce. 

Industrial  and  commercial  agencies  under  American  and  European  control,  are 
exploiting  every  nook  and  corner  of  Central  Africa.  Immediately  or  representatively, 
90  to  100  per  cent,  of  all  natives  of  Central  Africa  are  involved  in  this  industry  and 
commerce.  Evil  forces  accompany  these  agencies  and  seek  profit  in  the  demoraliza¬ 
tion  of  the  African.  Both  government  and  commerce  are  needful,  but  they  must  be 
strongly  infiuenced  by  Christian  thought  and  purpose  if  Africa,  with  the  church 
and  the  proclamation  of  the  gospel,  may  be  made  of  great  benefit  to  the  people. 

Modern  industry  and  luxury  have  created  large  demands  for  the  raw  products  of 
Central  Africa.  Ivory  and  forest  rubber,  for  years  the  leading  articles  of  export, 
are  giving  place  to  plantation  rubber,  to  cocoa,  to  oil-bearing  seeds,  to  copper,  tin, 
diamonds  and  gold  as  articles  of  export. 

Africa  has  been  the  great  unclothed.  Two  cat  skins,  or  a  bit  of  beaten  bark,  or  a 
grass  woven  apron,  seem  not  so  insufficient  a  covering  in  the  primitive  forest-enveloped 
village.  But  when  emerging  into  the  multiplying  ‘‘civilized’'  settlements  and  joining 
the  swelling  industrial  army  of  modern  commercialism  in  Central  Africa,  the  raw 
pagan  himself  feels  the  need  of  different  and  more  adequate  clothing,  and  Eve’s 
daughter  gladly  changes  the  nature  of  her  covering  from  literal  fig  or  other  leaves  to 
the  most  elaborate  outfit  the  trader’s  store  furnishes.  Sad  to  relate,  her  body  is 
too  often  the  price  she  pays  for  the  gay  attire. 

A  fire  in  the  small  hut,  or  in  the  open  when  traveling,  is  better  than  no  heat  at  all 
for  the  usually  chilly  nights  of  elevated  Central  Africa.  But  every  son  of  Africa 
longs  for  a  good  warm  blanket  and  possesses  himself  of  one  at  the  earliest  possible 
moment,  and  continues  his  buying  until  he  has  three  or  more. 


14 


Central :  AFRICA 


BUT  THE  CHURCH  IS  A 
LAGGARD 

HE  missionary  force  she  has  sent  out, 
straining  outward  and  onward  to  the  ut¬ 
most,  has  so  far  proclaimed  the  gospel  in  an 
adequate  way  to  only  ten  out  of  every  hundred 
souls. 

And  the  evangelical  churches  have  brought  into 
Christian  fellowship  only  between  one  and  two 
per  cent. 

The  “Darkest  Africa”  of  Livingstone’s  day  has 
been  penetrated  by  steam  routes,  both  rail  and 
water.  It  hears  the  crackling  of  wireless  mes¬ 
sages  over  forest  and  swamp.  The  pilot  of  the 
aeroplane  wings  his  way  over  cannibal  feasts. 

EVIL  RAMPANT 

UT  the  Sun  of  Righteousness  has  yet  to 
find  an  entrance  for  his  light  into  all  but  a 
pitifully  few  hearts. 

It  cannot  be  too  strongly  emphasized  that, 
together  with  a  few  forces  of  good  intent,  evil 
men  and  women  of  almost  every  description  are 
utilizing  these  new  routes  of  travel. 

Evil-doers  flow  in  a  steady  stream  into  the 
Dark  Continent  befouling  by  their  presence 
even  the  murky  stream  of  heathenism,  and 
introducing  vices  and  practises  hitherto  un¬ 
known  to  the  natives  of  these  benighted  lands. 

THE  AFRICAN  IS  A  CHILD 

IGHTY  forces  and  selfish  interests  are 
everywhere  seeking  gain  and  advantage, 
throughout  the  Continent. 

The  native  African  was  needy  enough  in  his 
original  sin,  surrounded  by  a  world  peopled  by 
imagined  malignant  spirits  seeking  his  undoing, 
and  in  an  ignorance  which  frequently  left  him 
bruised  and  broken  as  he  strove  against  the 
beneficent  laws  of  nature;  in  his  poverty- 
stricken  social  life;  in  his  physical  needs — suffer¬ 
ing  from  maltreatment,  epidemics  and  a 
thousand  other  ills.  The  African  is  not  being 
let  alone,  but  is  summoned — even  commanded 
— to  leave  his  former  simple  life,  and  to  enter 
upon  and  share  in  the  complex  life  of  the  out¬ 
side  world. 


GOVERNMENT  OWNERSHIP! 

UROPEAN  governments  control  all  of 
Central  Africa,  and  practically  100  per 
cent  of  the  people  pay  taxes  to  these  govern¬ 
ments  and  have  their  lives  controlled  by  them, 
in  most  respects  to  their  benefit.  But  no  action 
or  influence  of  government,  however  beneficial 
its  spirit  and  policy,  can  meet  the  fundamental 
heart-need  of  the  native  African  nor  satisfy  the 
longings  of  his  hungry  soul. 

And  all  other  benefits  of  industry,  of  orderly 
government,  of  education,  are  largely  dis¬ 
counted  until  the  spirit  is  liberated  from  sin  and 
fear,  and  the  individual  life  is  properly  related 
to  God  the  Father  through  Jesus  Christ  the 
Lord. 

THE  LAMP  OF  LEARNING 

IITERATURE  of  almost  every  kind  is 
sorely  needed.  Even  scraps  of  paper,  if 
only  there  be  printing  or  writing  on  them,  are 
eagerly  prized  by  the  Central  African. 

The  emancipation  from  debasing  conversations 
which  books,  the  mere  beginnings  of  literature, 
work  for  the  African,  is  hard  to  exaggerate. 
In  every  language-area  there  is  urgent  need  for 
missionaries  to  be  set  aside,  on  part  or  full  time, 
to  prepare  manuscripts  for  these  rapidly  devel¬ 
oping  races. 

A  greater  missionary  force  per  given  unit  of 
numbers  of  people,  is  more  needed  in  Africa 
than  in  most  mission  fields.  This  arises  from 
the  backwardness  and  childhood  of  the  race. 
While  the  latent,  inherent  ability  of  the  people 
is  good  and  able  leaders  have  arisen  among 
them,  yet  it  will  be  generations  before  any 
appreciable  number  of  dependable  leaders  such 
as  China  enjoys,  is  available  in  Africa. 

NO  EDUCATIONAL 
FOUNDATION 

RACTICALLY  all  the  education  for 
natives  is  in  the  hands  of  the  missionaries. 
In  some  cases  governments  subsidize  these 
schools.  The  generally  sparse  population  of 
Africa  means,  that  greater  distances  must  be 
covered  by  the  missionary  in  reaching  a  given 
number  of  people  than  in  other  countries. 


AFRICA:  Central 


15 


PUBLIC  HEALTH 

SECOND  to  no  other  form  of  material  help, 
the  people  of  Central  Africa  need  medical, 
physical  and  hygienic  help. 

As  the  Savior  in  the  days  of  His  flesh  gave  relief 
from  their  ills  and  their  pains  to  multitudes  so 
his  messengers  need  to  bring  relief  and  preven¬ 
tion  to  this  sorely-stricken  and  needy  people. 
The  stuffing  of  infants  with  strong  foods;  the 
mistreatment  of  the  diseases  of  childhood;  the 
utter  ignorance  of  proper  treatment  and  care  of 
fever,  pneumonia,  smallpox  and  other  diseases; 
lack  of  knowledge  of  germs;  of  laws  of  hygiene; 
of  the  value  of  sanitation,  all  result  in  a  heavy 
toll  of  life  and  a  low  efficiency  for  those  who 
survive. 

Nor  are  salves  and  pills  and  the  care  of  physical 
disease  the  only  lack.  At  the  very  heart  of  the 
teaching  and  training  in  all  schools  there  needs 
to  be  thorough  instruction  and  guidance  in  a 
knowledge  of  the  laws  and  forces  of  nature  and 
of  the  human  body  as  they  relate  to  health. 

CAST  OUT  THE 
EVIL  SPIRITS! 

OST,  and  first  of  all,  the  African  needs 
relating  to  God,  his  Father,  the  great, 
good  Spirit,  whom  he  admits  made  the  world 
but  whom  he  thinks  has  withdrawn  himself  far 
away  and  has  no  further  or  present  contact 
with  or  concern  for  the  people  on  the  earth. 
Only  by  coming  to  accept  God, — creator,  and 
ruler  of  the  world — as  one  who  is  mightier  than 
all  the  evil  spirits  in  which  he  believes,  can  the 
animistic  African  be  freed  from  the  terrors  of 
the  world  of  malignant  spirits  which  have 
hemmed  his  life  in  on  every  side. 

THE  GOSPEL  THE 
PRIMARY  NEED 

NO  preliminary  or  previous  preparation  is 
required  to  enable  him  to  comprehend 
the  “good  news”  or  to  realize  at  once  its  benefits 
and  uplifting  power.  The  best  figures  and 
estimates  of  missionaries  from  all  parts  of 
Central  Africa  reveal  the  fact  that  only  in  very 
rare  instances  have  25  per  cent,  or  more  of  the 
native  people  of  even  limited  sections  heard  the 
gospel  message. 


But  taking  Central  Africa — even  the  entire 
continent — as  a  whole,  only  10  per  cent,  of  the 
total  population  can  be  said  to  be  within  reach 
of  the  gospel. 

Not  only  are  the  present  stations  all  too  few, 
but  with  rare  exceptions  they  are  insufficiently 
manned. 

While  about  half  to  two-thirds,  of  the  total  area 
and  population  of  Central  Africa  is  assumed  for 
occupation  by  various  boards  and  societies, 
yet  the  present  staff  and  work  is  not  operating 
on  behalf  of  more  than  a  fourth  of  the  total 
population. 

CAPITALIZE  THIS  ASSET 

HE  missionary  is  known  even  in  remotest 
villages  as  the  friend  of  the  native.  Yet 
this  great  asset  is  but  slightly  capitalized  be¬ 
cause  of  the  paucity  of  the  force.  The  church, 
if  everywhere  present  and  active  could  deter¬ 
mine  very  largely  what  shall  be  the  content 
of  the  native’s  learning  and  the  trend  of  his 
movement  and  development. 

Travel-routes  make  easy  access  to  every  part 
of  the  continent  and  are  improving  constantly. 
They  should  be  agencies  of  missions  as  well  as 
of  com.merce. 

A  VAST  BUT  FREE  FIELD 

IN  the  main,  governments  are  favorably 
inclined  towards  missionary  enterprise  and 
where  pressure  is  applied  few  areas  will  be 
inaccessible.  New  centers  of  population  are 
being  established  rapidly — centers  at  present 
without  the  religious  and  social  engineer  to 
direct  the  new  community  life.  Here  in  Cen¬ 
tral  Africa  is  a  potent  opportunity  for  the 
Christian  missionary  not  only  to  carry  light  into 
a  particularly  dark  corner  of  the  earth  but 
greatly  and  widely  to  spread  the  kingdom  of 
God. 


THE^  building  and  operating  of  railroad 
and  steamship  lines  employs  multitudes 
of  natives,  giving  them  valuable  industrial 
training  but  bringing  them  in  contact  with 
certain  evil  and  vicious  types  of  Europeans 
and  Americans. 


16 


Central:  AFRICA 


The  Johannesburg  maelstrom 
where  thousands  of  laborers 
annually  are  sucked  into  the  vortex 
of  crime,  and  cast  out  a  miserable 
heap  of  human  wreckage. 


A  SACRIFICE  TO 
THE  GOD  OF  GOLD 


AFRICA:  South 


17 


South  Africa 

Possessing  in  the  Bantus  and  Zulus  two  of  the  most  virile,  progressive  and 
responsive  tribes  on  the  continent,  South  Africa  offers  unusual  opportunities 
for  successful  missionary  work.  European  governmental  control  is  also 
generally  favorable  to  the  cause. 

SOUTH  AFRICA  is  that  portion  of  the  continent  below  the  seventeenth  degree 
of  south  latitude,  extending  from  the  Zambezi  River  and  the  southern  border 
of  Angola  to  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope. 

The  area  of  this  region  is  nearly  one-half  that  of  the  United  States  and  its  population 
about  one-tenth  as  great.  Of  the  population  of  10,153,000,  1,500,000  are  whites, 
150,000  are  East  Indians  and  8,500,000  are  Bantus,  or  native  Africans. 

There  are  nearly  two  million  more  Negroes  in  the  United  States  than  in  all  of  South 
Africa.  With  the  exception  of  Portuguese  East  Africa,  the  British  now  rule  the 
entire  section  since  German  Southwest  Africa  has  become  a  British  possession. 

The  dominant  party  in  the  Union  of  South  Africa  is  the  Boers,  who  have  gained  by 
peaceful  processes  what  they  lost  in  warfare — the  control  of  South  Africa.  In  them 
the  British  Empire  has  gained  hundreds  of  thousands  of  loyal  citizens. 

The  aborigines  of  the  land  were  the  now  almost  extinct  Bushmen  and  Hottentots. 
But  the  virile  Bantu  race  from  the  North  displaced  them  and  is  now  multiplying  and 
prospering  under  the  white  man’s  rule.  Freed  from  the  unrestrained  reign  of  native 
tyrants  and  witch-doctors,  they  have  nearly  doubled  in  population  in  the  course  of 
one  generation. 

They  are  being  rapidly  transformed  by  the  impact  of  civilization.  Their  labor  is  in 
great  demand,  and  they  are  drawn  by  the  hundreds  of  thousands  to  the  great  industrial 
centers  of  Johannesberg  and  Kimberley,  Capetown  and  Durban. 

This  severance  from  the  primitive  conditions  of  their  home-life  to  the  mechanical 
life  of  the  mines  and  the  tainted  environment  of  the  cities  is  having  a  profound 
influence  on  the  social  life  of  the  masses  of  the  native  people.  The  acquired  habits 
of  the  men,  gained  in  their  new  surroundings,  become  the  adopted  habits  of  their 
people  when  they  return  home,  and  the  race  is  the  worse  for  the  change.  Prostitution 
is  no  improvement  on  polygamy.  For  evil,  the  rum-habit  surpasses  the  Kaffir  beer 
customs,%hile  thievery  and  beggary  are  poor  substitutes  for  laziness  and  lust. 


18 


South :  AFRICA 


THE  CHANGES  ARE 
NOT  ALL  EVIL 

ETTLED  habits  of  industry  are  gaining 
ground.  Good  homes,  well  furnished,  are 
multiplying.  Nakedness  is  not  nearly  so  much 
the  custom  now  as  formerly.  Education,  by 
night  schools  as  well  as  day  schools,  is  in  great 
demand.  And  the  gathering  together  of  the 
multitudes  of  men  from  the  sparsely  populated 
areas  of  the  vast  interior  furnishes  great  oppor¬ 
tunities  to  evangelize  them  in  the  shortest  time 
and  at  least  expense. 

Mission  work  has  been  carried  on  in  South 
Africa  for  over  a  century.  British,  Americans, 
Germans,  French  and  Scandinavians  have 
participated  in  the  enterprise.  There  are  forty- 
three  mission  societies  now  engaged  in  work  in 
South  Africa,  ten  of  which  are  American. 

SOME  CHEERING  FACTS 

CCORDING  to  the  latest  census,  there 
were  1,204,993  native  evangelical  Chris¬ 
tians  in  the  Union  of  South  Africa — one  in  four 
of  the  native  population.  The  same  census 
reported  44  per  cent,  of  the  natives  in  the  Cape 
Province;  14  per  cent,  in  Natal;  24  per  cent,  in 
the  Transvaal  and  50  per  cent  in  the  Orange 
Free  State  as  adherents  of  the  Christian  faith. 
As  the  result  of  the  work  undertaken  by  British 
societies,  namely,  the  Congregational  Union 
(representing  the  London  Missionary  Society); 
the  Wesleyan  Methodists;  the  Free  Church  of 
Scotland  (representing  the  Presbyterians)  and 
the  Church  of  the  Province  (Episcopalian), 
self-governing,  autonomous  South  African 
churches  have  been  founded.  The  entire  work 
of  both  Europeans  and  natives  is  carried  out 
under  South  African  auspices  and  control. 

AN  AMERICAN  AREA 

ORTUGUESE  East  Africa  is  a  unique 
field  for  missionary  endeavor.  It  has  an 
area  of  195,000  square  miles  and  a  population 
of  about  3,000,000,- — practically  unoccupied 
territory.  The  American  Board  and  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church  occupy  positions  of  strategic 
importance  in  relation  to  this  field  and  an 
agreement  has  been  reached  as  to  the  spheres 
of  influence  of  each.  There  are  no  other  mis¬ 


sionary  societies  represented  in  this  great  neg¬ 
lected  region. 

COMMERCIALISM  POWERFUL 

AND  AGGRESSIVE 

OMMERCIAL  companies,  chartered  by 
the  Portuguese  Government  and  under 
governmental  control,  are  exploiting  the  coun¬ 
try  for  cotton,  sugar,  rubber  and  other  products. 
The  native  people  are  forced  to  work  without 
fair  wages  and  with  no  regard  for  their  individual 
or  racial  rights.  The  police  and  soldiers  are  the 
agents  of  force,  used  in  the  labor  propaganda. 

Rum  is  manufactured  and  sold  by  the  govern¬ 
ment.  While  not  encouraged,  prostitution  is 
allowed.  Taken  as  a  whole,  the  moral  character 
of  the  people  is  far  below  what  it  was  in  heathen¬ 
ism,  and  a  deliberate  and  systematic  opposition 
to  the  establishment  of  mission-work  among 
the  people  of  the  country  over  which  it  rules  is 
carried  out  by  the  Mozambique  Company. 

HUNGRY  FOR  EDUCATION 

The  natives  of  all  South  Africa  are  hungry 
for  education.  The  British  states  give 
grants-in-aid  to  mission  schools,  and  are  in¬ 
creasingly  interested  in  educating  the  native 
people.  The  Portuguese  Government,  however, 
is  lukewarm  toward  such  education,  while  the 
Mozambique  Company  is  actually  antagonistic. 
Mission  schools  in  British  territory  are  multi¬ 
plying  rapidly  and  are  overflowing  with  pupils. 
The  higher  schools  for  boys  and  girls  cannot 
meet  the  demand  of  those  seeking  admission. 
From  50  per  cent,  to  100  per  cent,  of  the  appli¬ 
cants  are  turned  away  each  year. 

DEMAND  OUTRUNS  SUPPLY 

ANY  students  desire  to  come  to  America 
and  England  to  get  collegiate  training, 
but  the  government  and  missionaries  agree 
that  it  is  best  for  them  to  be  trained  in  South 
Africa — in  their  own  environment.  Yet  all 
the  higher  schools  functioning  at  their  greatest 
capacity  cannot  meet  the  present  demand  for 
such  training  and  a  greatly  increased  program 
for  higher  education  must  be  undertaken.  The 
American  schools  on  the  field  are  to  the  front 
in  native  education,  but  they  must  be  greatly 
enlarged  and  improved. 


NHAMBANE 


PROTESTANT  MISSIONARY  OCCUPATION 

OF 

PORTUGUESE  EAST  AFRICA 

STATUTE  MILES 

too  200  300 


.UNOCCUPIED  AND  UNASSIGNED. 
OCCUPIED  BY  AMERICAN  BOARDS  PARTICIPATING 
IN  INTERCHURCH  WORLD  MOV'EMENT. 

(initials  REPRESENT  NAMES  OF  THESE  BOARDS) 
1=1  OCCUPIED  BY  OTHER  MISSION  AGENCIES. 

|y//J  ASSIGNED.BUT  still  UNOCCUPIED, AWAITING 
FUNDS. 


ABCFM  = 
FMA  = 
MEFB  = 


'brld  Movement  of  North  America 


AMERICAN  BOARD  OF  COMMISSIONERS 
FOR  FOREIGN  MISSIONS. 

GENERAL  MISSIONARY  BOARD  OF  THE  FREE 
METHODIST  CHURCH  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 
BOARD  OF  FOREIGN  MISSIONS  OF  THE 
METHODIST  EPISCOPAL  CHURCH. 


G  O.  5/ 


20 


South :  AFRICA 


A  RACE  WITHOUT 
DOCTORS  OR  NURSES 

N  sickness  the  Bantus  have  still  to  depend 
on  witch-doctors  and  herb-doctors.  Twenty- 
three  European  and  American  missionary 
doctors  and  nineteen  nurses  are  serving  eight 
and  one-half  millions  of  Bantus!  They  do 
heroic  work,  accomplish  wonders,  but  touch 
only  the  rim  of  the  need. 

There  are  three  missionary  doctors  in  all 
Portuguese  Africa,  covering  an  area  of  nearly 
200,000  square  miles.  They  cannot  minister 
to  the  sufferings  of  three  millions  of  people. 

A  great  union  medical  college  to  train  native 
doctors  and  nurses  to  minister  to  their  own 
people  is  the  pressing  need.  Dispensaries  and 
hospitals  should  be  established  in  all  parts  of 
the  land. 

MENTAL  AND  MORAL 
STIMULANTS 

The  Zulu  language  is  the  cosmopolitan 
language  of  the  natives  of  South  Africa 
owing  to  the  fact  that  it  was  widely  spread  by 
the  conquering  hordes  of  Zulus  who  founded 
the  great  dynasties  of  the  Matabele,  Shangan 
and  Angoni. 

The  Bible,  a  hymn  book  and  certain  school 
books  are  printed  in  the  Zulu  language,  and  are 
in  great  demand,  especially  in  the  industrial 
centres. 

Portions  of  the  Bible  and  hymn  book  are  now 
being  translated  into  and  published  in  the 
languages  spoken  by  the  other  tribes  in  Rho¬ 


desia  and  Portuguese  East  Africa.  A  far  larger 
circulation  of  Christian  literature  is  needed. 

A  GOOD  FOUNDATION 
TO  BUILD  ON 

The  Bantus  are  not  worshippers  of  idols; 

they  have  a  spiritual  worship  of  its  kind; 
they  believe  in  life  after  death;  the  spiritual 
concepts  of  the  Christian  faith  are  not  stum¬ 
bling  blocks  to  them;  and  they  welcome  with  joy 
the  fuller  interpretations  of  what  they  have 
felt  after  in  ignorance  and  superstition.  It  is 
the  common  experience  to  have  men,  converted 
in  the  great  industrial  centres,  return  to  their 
homes  to  win  multitudes  to  accept;  the  Christian 
faith;  to  organize  churches;  build  chapels  and 
school-houses,  and  then  call  for  trained  pastors 
and  teachers. 

FILLING  A  VACUUM 

The  Bantus  are  losing  their  faith  in  their 
old  animistic  religion,  and  are  drifting 
away  from  their  former  moral  codes.  The  vices 
of  the  new  civilization  in  which  they  are  im¬ 
mersed,  appeal  to  their  lustful  natures  and, 
without  the  former  restraints,  gain  control  over 
them.  The  race  will  face  physical,  moral,  and 
spiritual  ruin  unless  the  evils  of  civilization 
can  be  neutralized  by  Christian  forces. 

DO  IT  NOW! 

NOW,  if  ever,  is  the  time  when  missionary 
effort  of  the  highest,  fullest  and  most 
strenuous  type  is  needed.  A  great  Christian 
propaganda  can  succeed  in  winning  the  race  for 
Christ,  for  it  is  easily  won  under  present  condi¬ 
tions. 


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INTERCHORCH  world  movement  of  north  AMERICA 

ORGANIZATION  OF  THE  SURVEY  DEPARTMENT 


DIVISIONS 


SURVEY 

DEPARTMENT 


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HOME 

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AMERICAN 

EDUCATION 


AMERICAN 
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AMERICAN 
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— I  Agencies 


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~  Tai-Supported  Institutions 


Denominational  and 
Independent  Inetitutlona 


Theological  Seminaries 


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—  Community 


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Interdenominational  Ayenefea 


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SUPPORT  AND  REUEF 


HI 


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SECTIONS 

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—State  Universities  _ 

^ — Municipal  Universities 
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p— Architecture 
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• — Teachers 

r— Music 
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*— Non-church  Organizations 


E Editorial 

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